【长难句】
The problem with conventional science instruction, according to cognitive scientist Susan Carey, is that it assumes that its goal is to fill a gap in a student’s knowledge---when really the issue”is not what the student lacks, but what the student has, namely alternative conceptual frameworks for understanding the phenomena covered by the theories we are trying to teach.”
【句子拆分】
主语 The problem
谓语 is
宾语 it assumes that its goal is to fill a gap in a student’s knowledge
【单词解析】
单词 音标 中文词意
conventional [kənˈvenʃən(ə)l] adj. 传统的;常见的
【语法分析】
这句话是一个主系表结构,主语"The problem","with conventional science instruction"是主语的定语,双逗号中的"according to cognitive scientist Susan Carey"是插入语结构,系词"is",表语为表语从句,主谓宾句型,表语从句主语"it",谓语"assumes",宾语也是个从句"its goal is to fill a gap in a student’s knowledge",它的结构是主系表,主语"its goal",系词"is",表语"to fill a gap","in a student’s knowledge"算是地点状语;"when"你可以看成你是引导一个状语从句,这个状语从句是主系表句型,主语"the issue","really"你可以放在"is"和"not"中间---"is really not",前置就当是为了突出语气,系词"is not",表语是一个由"what"引导的表语从句,从句中的主语"the student",谓语"lack","what"即在前面作连接词也在从句中作宾语的位置;其实,中间的"not"应该和后面的"but"连在一起看,组成"not...but",即“不是前面那一个而是后面那一个”,"but"后面是同样的道理,"what"既作连接词又在后面的表语从句中作宾语,从句主语是"the student",谓语"has";"namely alternative..."后面算是给前面说过的“学生有的东西”进行具体的说明,算是同位语结构,"for understanding the phenomena"引导定语修饰"alternative conceptual frameworks","for"表达一种目的的感觉;"covered by the theories"是过去分词做后置定语修饰"the phenomena";"we are trying to teach"是定语从句修饰"the theories",被修饰词在后面的定语从句中作宾语,即"we are trying to teach the theories",故省略了连接词,此定语从句的主语"we",谓语是正在进行时"are trying",可将不定式"to teach the theories"作宾语。
【译文】
据认知学家苏珊·凯里所言,传统科学教育问题在于,假定其任务是填补学生知识上的空缺,而实际需要面对的问题“不是学生所缺的,而是他们已经有的,即由我们试图传授给他们的理论所论及的以理解现象的另类概念框架”。
【考情分析】
这句话的结构虽然也有点难度,但主要问题应该还是集中在"namely alternative conceptual frameworks for understanding the phenomena covered by the theories we are trying to teach"这一部分上,其实意思就是“为了学会老师教给我们的知识点,尤其是在没有真正理解的情况下,我们有的时候只能通过一些谬误来去解释我们学到的理论所呈现的现象,这种我们认为帮助我们理解知识的谬误就叫做---另类框架概念”,注意这里面的"alternative"是“另类”的意思。
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